Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwicyayi cyabashinwa gifatwa nkicyiza, kandi icyayi cyiza cyabashinwa kuri wewe bizaterwa nuburyo ukunda.Bimwe mubintu bikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubwiza bwicyayi cyabashinwa harimo isura, impumuro nziza, uburyohe, hamwe nimiterere yamababi yicyayi hamwe nicyayi cyokeje, hamwe nimyaka yimyaka yicyayi.Dore ingero nke z'icyayi cy'Ubushinwa gikunze gufatwa nk'icyiza:
Icyayi cya Dragonwell (Longjing): Icyayi cya Dragonwell nicyayi kibisi kiva i Hangzhou mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, kandi kizwiho amababi yacyo meza, amabuye y'agaciro ya emaragido n'icyatsi cyiza, uburyohe.Bikunze gufatwa nkicyayi cyiza kibisi mubushinwa.
Ikariso ya Guan Yin (Ikimanakazi Cyuma): Tie Guan Yin ni icyayi cya oolong cyo mu Ntara ya Anxi mu Ntara ya Fujian, kandi kizwiho uburyohe, uburyohe bw’indabyo hamwe n’amavuta.Akenshi irashaje kugirango ikure uburyohe bwimbitse, bugoye.
Icyayi cya Yancha (Icyayi)Akenshi irashaje kugirango ikure uburyohe bwimbitse, bugoye.
Icyayi cya Da Hong Pao (Ikanzu nini itukura): Da Hong Pao ni icyayi cya oolong cyiza cyane kiva ku musozi wa Wuyi mu Ntara ya Fujian, kandi kizwiho uburyohe bwimbitse, bugoye kandi bukungahaye, bwuzuye umubiri.Akenshi irashaje kugirango ikure uburyohe bwimbitse, bugoye.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ubwiza bwicyayi cyabashinwa bushobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nuburyo bukura, uburyo bwo gusarura no gutunganya, hamwe nuburyo bwo kubika no gusaza bukoreshwa.Kimwe nibicuruzwa ibyo aribyo byose, burigihe nibyiza gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe ugahitamo isoko izwi mugihe uguze icyayi cyiza cyo mubushinwa.
Vuba aha, Ubushinwa bwatangaje "ubuhanga bw’Abashinwa bwo gukora icyayi n’imigenzo bifitanye isano" binyuze mu isuzuma, ryanditswe ku rutonde rw’abahagarariye UNESCO rw’umurage ndangamuco udasanzwe w’ikiremwamuntu.Muri bo, Perefegitura yigenga ya Dehong Dai Jingpo, Intara ya Yunnan, Mangshi "Tekinike y’icyayi ikarishye" nk’umushinga muto watoranijwe.
Deang icyayi gikarishye kigabanijwemo ubwoko bubiri bwicyayi kiribwa no kunywa icyayi.Icyayi kiribwa muri rusange kiribwa nkibiryo, ni ibiryo bidasanzwe bya Deang;kunywa icyayi birasharira kandi biryoshye, ibara ryisupu ni zahabu kandi irabagirana, icyayi cyimyaka myinshi gifite impumuro ya elayo, impumuro ya cinnamon, impumuro yamata nizindi mpumuro nziza.
Mubisanzwe, abantu ba De'ang bahitamo impeshyi nizuba kugirango bakore icyayi gisharira, bakoresheje amababi mashya yigiti cyicyayi kinini cya Yunnan nkibikoresho fatizo, bitunganijwe muburyo bwo kwica, gukata, fermentation ya anaerobic, gukubita, nibindi.
Kwica muri rusange bikoresha inkono, ingoma hamwe na parike inzira eshatu.
Nyuma yo kwica, amababi yicyayi yapakiwe mumigano kugirango fermentation ya anaerobic.
Muri byo, fermentation ya anaerobic itandukanye cyane na fermentation ya aerobic yandi yicyayi.Fermentation ya Anaerobic ninzira yingenzi mugutunganya icyayi gisharira cya Deang nigice cyingenzi mugukora ubuziranenge bwicyayi gisharira.Icyayi cyibiribwa muri rusange gisemburwa mugihe cyamezi 2, mugihe kunywa icyayi bigomba gusemburwa mumezi 4 kugeza 9.
Icyayi cya Sour gifite umwanya wingenzi mubuzima bwabaturage ba Deang kandi gifitanye isano rya bugufi nubuzima bwimibereho yabaturage ba Deang.
Icyayi kama gishinwa nicyayi gitangwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhinga kama, bivuze ko gihingwa hadakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko twangiza, ibyatsi, cyangwa ifumbire.Ahubwo, icyayi kama gihingwa hakoreshejwe uburyo karemano buteza imbere ubuzima nubuzima bwubutaka nibimera.Icyayi kama gikunze gufatwa nkicyiza kuruta icyayi gisanzwe gikura, kuko gihingwa muburyo burambye kandi bwangiza ibidukikije.
Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwicyayi cyabashinwa kiboneka, harimo icyayi kibisi, oolong, umukara, na pu'er.Uburyohe hamwe nimiterere yicyayi kama yubushinwa irashobora gutandukana bitewe nubwoko bwicyayi hamwe nuburyo bukura.Abantu bamwe bemeza ko icyayi kama gifite uburyohe busanzwe, bwera kandi gishobora kuba cyiza kubera kubura imiti yubukorikori.
Niba ushishikajwe no kugura icyayi kama cyabashinwa, ni ngombwa guhitamo isoko izwi kandi ugashaka icyayi cyemejwe nkibinyabuzima n’umuryango w’abandi bantu bazwi.Ibi bizemeza ko icyayi ugura cyakuze hakoreshejwe uburyo kama kandi cyujuje ubuziranenge bwashyizweho kugirango umusaruro ukorwe.
Hariho ibintu byinshi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo icyayi cyabashinwa, kandi icyayi cyiza kuri wewe bizaterwa nuburyo ukunda kandi ukeneye.Dore inama nkeya zagufasha guhitamo icyayi cyiza cyigishinwa:
Reba ubwoko bw'icyayi: Icyayi cy'Ubushinwa kigabanyijemo ibyiciro bine by'ingenzi ukurikije urugero rwa okiside y'amababi: icyatsi, oolong, umukara, na pu'er.Buri bwoko bugira umwirondoro wihariye wihariye, kandi icyayi cyiza kuri wewe bizaterwa nibyo ukunda.
Reba ibibabi byujuje ubuziranenge: Icyayi cyiza cyo mu Bushinwa kigomba kugira amababi ameze neza, atavunitse, kandi nta nenge cyangwa umwanda.Amababi agomba kandi kugira impumuro nziza, isukuye.
Reba inkomoko y'icyayi: Uturere dutandukanye two mu Bushinwa dutanga icyayi gifite imiterere itandukanye.Kurugero, icyayi cyo mu Ntara ya Fujian kizwiho uburyohe bworoshye, indabyo, mugihe icyayi cyo mu Ntara ya Yunnan kizwiho uburyohe bwubutaka, bukomeye.
Tekereza imyaka yicyayi: Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwicyayi cyabashinwa, nka pu'er na oolong, akenshi usanga bishaje kugirango habeho uburyohe bwimbitse kandi bugoye.Icyayi cyashaje kirashobora kuba gihenze, ariko gishobora no kuba cyiza.
Reba igiciro: Igiciro cyicyayi cyabashinwa kirashobora gutandukana cyane bitewe nubwoko, ubwiza, nimyaka yicyayi.Nubwo muri rusange ari ukuri ko ibiciro biri hejuru akenshi byerekana ubuziranenge, ni ngombwa gukora ubushakashatsi bwawe no guhitamo isoko izwi mugihe ugura icyayi cyabashinwa.
Nibyiza kandi kugerageza icyayi gitandukanye cyicyayi cyubushinwa kugirango ubone ibyo ukunda byiza.Amaduka menshi yicyayi hamwe nabacuruzi kumurongo batanga urugero rwicyitegererezo cyangwa icyayi gito, gishobora kuba inzira nziza yo kugerageza icyayi gitandukanye utiyemeje kugura byinshi.
Lu Yu yanditse mu gitabo cye gikomeye cyitwa The Classic of Tea: “Icyayi nk'ikinyobwa, cyaturutse i Shennong.”
Shennong: Data wa mugani w'ubuvuzi bw'Ubushinwa.
Amateka y'icyayi cy'Ubushinwa (茶chá) itangirana na Shennong (神农Shénnóng), umuntu w'umugani wavuzwe ko ari se w'ubuhinzi bw'Abashinwa n'Ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa.
Umugani uvuga ko Shennong yavumbuye icyayi ku bw'impanuka ubwo yatekaga amazi yo kunywa yicaye munsi y’igiti cya Camellia sinensis.Amababi amwe yo ku giti yaguye mu mazi, ayashyiramo impumuro nziza.Shennong yafashe akayoga, asanga gishimishije, nuko, icyayi kiravuka.
'Shennong' Ibisobanuro: Ibisobanuro mu Gishinwa
Shennong (神农) ijambo ku rindi risobanura “Umuhinzi w’Imana” cyangwa “Imana y’ubuhinzi” mu Gishinwa.Ariko, mubyukuri ntabwo ari umuhinzi, ahubwo ni hobbyist wumye gusa ibyatsi byinshi kugirango amenye inyungu zabo.Rero, twizera ko ijambo 'herbalist' ryamuhuza cyane.
Ubuzima bwari butoroshye hashize imyaka 5.000, abantu barwaye inzara n'indwara nyinshi.Shennong yabumvaga cyane.Kubera ko yari yariyemeje gushakira ubwoko bwe ibiryo ndetse n’umuti, yatangiye kugenda mu misozi kandi aryoherwa n’ibimera amagana kugira ngo agerageze agaciro k’ubuvuzi.Bitewe no kubona mu nda no mu ngingo, Shennong yashoboye kuvuga uburyo ibimera byakoraga mu mubiri we.Yagerageje ibice bitandukanye byibimera kugirango amenye neza imizi, ibiti, amababi nibindi. Hanyuma yandika ibyo yabonye.
Umunsi umwe, yahuye n’ibimera mirongo irindwi na bibiri;byari byinshi cyane kuri we.Yumvise afite intege nke, aratsitara, afata amababi amwe agwa.Yiryamiye hasi, yatekereje ko azaryoha amababi mu ntoki, hanyuma agapfa nta kwicuza.Amababi yazengurukaga mu mubiri wa Shennong akimara kuyashyira mu kanwa.Bahise basuzuma vuba aha banduye kandi bakora ibitangaza.Shennong yakijijwe n'imbaraga zabo zo gukiza, yatunguwe cyane maze ahitamo kwita iki gihingwa “cha” (Igishinwa:查) bisobanura “gusuzuma” cyangwa “kugenzura”.Kuva icyo gihe, Shennong yakunze gukoresha cha nka antidote.Cha yari azwi n'abantu kubera we, ariko afite imico itandukanye “茶”, Bisobanura icyayi mu Gishinwa.
Intara ya Chaling, Intara ya Hunan ni kamwe mu turere twa mbere twateje imbere kandi tugakoresha ibiti by'icyayi mu Bushinwa.Niho havuka umuco wicyayi.Umuco w'icyayi ufite amateka maremare.Umwami w'abami Shennong yasanze icyayi ku butaka bwa kera kandi bw'ubumaji bwa Chaling maze arema uwambere mu kunywa icyayi, ku buryo byiswe "umukurambere w'icyayi w'Abashinwa".
Amavuta, umunyu, isosi, na vinegere ni kimwe mu bikoresho by'ibanze byo gutura mu rugo.Gusa hamwe ninkwi, umuceri, amavuta, umunyu, isosi, vinegere, nicyayi, dushobora kubaho mubuzima bwamahoro, ubukire kandi bushimishije.
Ku Bushinwa, ubusobanuro bw'icyayi ntabwo ari bumwe.Kubera ko aribwo Abashinwa ba mbere bavumbuye icyayi, bagakoresha icyayi, kandi bagaha icyayi ibisobanuro birenze umuco wabyo, bityo bagakora umuco wicyayi wihariye mubushinwa.N'Abashinwa gusunika umuco w'icyayi n'icyayi ku isi, bakabigaragaza imbere y'isi, bakagira icyayi abantu bahiriwe, kandi bakagira umuco w'icyayi mu bice bigize umuco w'abantu.Iki nikintu kidashidikanywaho.
Mubushinwa, icyayi gifite amateka maremare cyane kandi cyashizeho umuco wicyayi cyabashinwa.Mugihe kimwe, icyayi kigirira akamaro ubuzima bwacu, bityo cyakirwa neza nabantu benshi.Umuco w'icyayi w'Abashinwa ni munini kandi wimbitse, ntabwo urimo urwego rw'umuco gusa, ahubwo urimo urwego rwimbitse rw'umuco wo mu mwuka.Twifashishije icyayi cy'Abashinwa, dushobora kugikurikirana mu bihe bya kera, byateye imbere mu ngoma ya Tang na Song, Kuva icyo gihe, umwuka w'icyayi winjiye mu rukiko no muri sosiyete, ujya mu bisigo by'Abashinwa, gushushanya, kwandika, kwandika, idini na ubuvuzi.Mu myaka ibihumbi, Ubushinwa bwakusanyije umuco mwinshi mu guhinga icyayi no kubyaza umusaruro, byongeye kandi, butungisha umuco wumwuka wicyayi.
Amababi y'icyayi, azwi ku izina ry'icyayi, muri rusange arimo amababi n'amashami y'igiti cy'icyayi.Ibigize icyayi birimo icyayi cya polifenole, aside amine, catechine, cafeyine, ubushuhe, ivu, nibindi byiza byubuzima.Ibinyobwa by'icyayi bikozwe mu bibabi by'icyayi ni kimwe mu binyobwa bitatu by'ingenzi ku isi.
Inkomoko yamateka
Imyaka irenga 6000 irashize, abakurambere babaga kumusozi wa Tianluo, Yuyao, Zhejiang, batangiye gutera ibiti byicyayi.Umusozi wa Tianluo niho hantu hambere ibiti by'icyayi byatewe mu buhanga mu Bushinwa, byavumbuwe kugeza ubu na kera.
Umwami w'abami Qin amaze guhuza Ubushinwa, bwateje imbere guhanahana ubukungu hagati ya Sichuan no mu tundi turere, maze gutera icyayi no kunywa icyayi buhoro buhoro biva i Sichuan bijya hanze, bibanza gukwira mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Yangtze.
Kuva mu bihe bya nyuma y’ingoma y’iburengerazuba bwa Han kugeza mu Bwami butatu, icyayi cyateye imbere mu binyobwa bihebuje by’urukiko.
Kuva ku ngoma ya Jin y’iburengerazuba kugeza ku ngoma ya Sui, icyayi cyahindutse ibinyobwa bisanzwe.Hariho kandi inyandiko ziyongera kubyerekeye kunywa icyayi, icyayi cyahindutse ibinyobwa bisanzwe.
Mu kinyejana cya 5, kunywa icyayi byamamaye mu majyaruguru.Yakwirakwiriye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba mu kinyejana cya gatandatu n'icya karindwi.Hamwe no gukwirakwiza akamenyero ko kunywa icyayi, kunywa icyayi byiyongereye vuba, kandi kuva icyo gihe, icyayi cyabaye ikinyobwa gikunzwe n’amoko yose yo mu Bushinwa.
Lu Yu (728-804) wo ku ngoma ya Tang yerekanye muri "Icyayi cya kera": "Icyayi ni ikinyobwa, gikomoka mu muryango wa Shennong, kandi cyumviswe na Lu Zhougong."Mu gihe cya Shennong (ahagana mu 2737 mbere ya Yesu), havumbuwe ibiti by'icyayi.Amababi mashya arashobora kwangiza."Materia Medica ya Shen Nong" yigeze kwandika: "Shen Nong aryoha ibyatsi ijana, ahura n'uburozi 72 ku munsi, akabona icyayi cyo korohereza."Ibi birerekana inkomoko yubuvumbuzi bwicyayi kugirango bukize indwara mubihe bya kera, byerekana ko Ubushinwa bwakoresheje icyayi byibuze mumyaka ibihumbi bine.
Ku ngoma ya Tang n'indirimbo, icyayi cyahindutse ikinyobwa gikunzwe "abantu badashobora kubaho badafite."
Imiterere karemano yo gutera icyayi harimo imiterere yubutaka, ikirere, ubwoko bwubutaka, nibindi. Ubutaka bwiganjemo imisozi kandi imiterere yamazi ni nziza.Imvura nyinshi, itandukaniro rito ryumwaka, itandukaniro rinini ryumunsi nijoro nijoro, igihe kirekire kitarimo ubukonje, nuburyo bwiza bwumucyo.Ibihe nkibi bikwiranye no gukura kwubwoko butandukanye bwibiti byicyayi, cyane cyane kumikurire yibiti byicyayi kinini.Kuva igihe cy'itumba kirangiye kugeza mu ntangiriro z'impeshyi, hari izuba ryinshi, icyi n'impeshyi imvura n'ibicu (agace k'icyayi cya Yunnan), izuba rike rifasha gukusanya imbeho n'intungamubiri z'ibiti by'icyayi, bifasha ubwiza bw'impeshyi n'icyayi cy'impeshyi.Ubutaka butukura bwa Latosol, ubutaka butukura bwimisozi cyangwa ubutaka bwumuhondo wumusozi, ubutaka bwamashyamba yumukara, ubu butaka bufite urwego rwiterambere rwimbitse kandi rufite imiterere myiza, ikwiranye no gukura kwibiti byicyayi.
Icyayi kibisi:
icyayi kidasembuye (fermentation zeru).Icyayi gihagarariye ni: HuangShan MaoFeng, Icyayi cya PuLong, MengDing GanLu, Icyayi cya RiZhao Icyayi, Icyayi cya LaoShan Icyatsi, Liu An Gua Pian, LongJing DragonWell, MeiTan Icyayi kibisi, BiLuoChun, Meng'Er Tea, XinYang MaoJian, DuYun MaoJian, DuYun Icyayi cya GanFa, Icyayi cya ZiYang MaoJian.
Icyayi cy'umuhondo:
icyayi gisembuye gato (impamyabumenyi ya fermentation ni 10-20m) HuoShan Umuhondo Wumuhondo, Urushinge rwa silver rwa Meng'Er, MengDing Umuhondo
Muburyo bwo gukora icyayi, amababi yicyayi hamwe no gushiramo nyuma yo kurunda.Igabanyijemo "Icyayi cy'umuhondo" (harimo JunShan YinYa mu kiyaga cya Dongting, Hunan, Ya'an, Sichuan, Mengding Huangya mu Ntara ya Mingshan, Huoshan Huangya muri Huoshan, Anhui), "Icyayi cy'umuhondo" (harimo na Beigang muri Yueyang, Hunan , na Weishan muri Ningxiang, Hunan Maojian, Pingyang Huangtang muri Pingyang, Zhejiang, Luyuan muri Yuan'an, Hubei), "Huangdacha" (harimo Dayeqing muri Anhui, Huoshan Huangdacha muri Anhui).
Icyayi cya Oolong:
izwi kandi nk'icyayi kibisi, ni icyayi gisembuye, gisemburwa neza mugihe cyo gukora kugirango amababi atukura gato.Nubwoko bwicyayi hagati yicyayi kibisi nicyayi cyirabura.Ifite ubwiza bwicyayi kibisi nuburyohe bwicyayi cyirabura.Kuberako hagati yamababi ari icyatsi naho inkombe yamababi atukura, yitwa "amababi yicyatsi afite imipaka itukura".Icyayi gihagarariye ni: Tieguanyin, Dahongpao, icyayi cya Dongding Oolong.
Icyayi cy'umukara:
icyayi gisembuye rwose (hamwe nurwego rwa fermentation ya 80-90m) Icyayi cyirabura cya Qimen, icyayi cyirabura cya lychee, icyayi cyirabura cya Hanshan, nibindi.Icyayi cy'umukara cya Gongfu gikwirakwizwa cyane muri Guangdong, Fujian, na Jiangxi, cyane cyane muri Chaoshan.
Icyayi cyijimye:
icyayi nyuma ya ferment (hamwe na degrement ya 100m) icyayi cya Pu'er icyayi Liubao icyayi Hunan icyayi cyijimye (icyayi cya Qujiang flake icyayi) Icyayi cya Jingwei Fu (gikomoka i Xianyang, Shaanxi)
Ibikoresho bibisi birakomeye kandi bishaje, kandi igihe cyo kwegeranya no gusembura ni kirekire mugihe cyo gutunganya, kuburyo amababi yijimye kandi agakanda mumatafari.Ubwoko bwingenzi bwicyayi cyijimye harimo "Icyayi cya Shanxi Xianyang Fuzhuan", Yunnan "Icyayi cya Pu'er", "Icyayi cyijimye cya Hunan", "Icyayi gishaje cya Hubei", "Icyayi cya Guangxi Liubao", Sichuan "Icyayi cya Bian" nibindi.
Icyayi cyera:
icyayi gisembuye byoroheje (hamwe na dogere ya fermentation ya 20-30m) Baihao Yinzhen na peony yera.Itunganywa idakaranze cyangwa ngo isukure, kandi amababi yicyayi yoroheje kandi yuzuye gusa yumye cyangwa akumishwa kumuriro gahoro, fluff yera ikomeza kuba ntamakemwa.Icyayi cyera gikorerwa cyane cyane mu ntara za Fuding, Zhenghe, Songxi na Jianyang muri Fujian.Ihingwa kandi mu Ntara ya Liping, Intara ya Guizhou.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa "Urushinge rwa silver", "Peony yera", "Gong Mei" na "Shou Mei".Icyayi cyera Pekoe arigaragaza.Inshinge zizwi cyane za Baihao ziva mu majyaruguru ya Fujian na Ningbo, ndetse na peony yera.
Icyayi cy'impeshyibivuga icyayi cyasaruwe guhera mu mpera za Werurwe kugeza hagati muri Gicurasi uwo mwaka.Mu gihe cy'impeshyi, ubushyuhe buringaniye, imvura irahagije, kandi ibiti by'icyayi bimaze imyaka itandatu byongeye kwisubiraho mu gihe cy'itumba, bituma icyayi cy'icyayi gitemba, icyatsi kibisi, cyoroshye mu mababi, kandi gikungahaye kuri vitamine, cyane cyane aside amine .Ntabwo ituma icyayi cyimpeshyi kiryoha gusa, ahubwo gifite impumuro nziza kandi cyuzuyemo ingaruka zubuzima.Tieguanyin wo muri Anxi County Yinxiang Icyayi cy'icyayi ni uhagarariye icyayi cya Oolong icyayi.Ibigaragara hamwe nisupu yibara bishobora gusobanurwa nk "ngombwa."(Urundi rugero ni Liu pian pian na Shanlong icyayi cyirabura).
Icyayibivuga icyayi gisarurwa guhera mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga.Ikirere kirashyushye.Amashami mashya namababi yigiti cyicyayi bikura vuba, bigatuma amazi akuramo amazi ashobora gushonga isupu yicyayi igabanuka.Cyane cyane kugabanya aside amine bituma isupu yicyayi uburyohe hamwe nimpumuro nziza cyane kuruta icyayi cyimpeshyi.Kuberako ibirimo anthocyanine isharira kandi ikaze, cafeyine, hamwe nicyayi polifenol birenze icyayi cyimpeshyi, ntabwo byongera ibara ryibibabi byumutuku namababi gusa, ahubwo bifite uburyohe bukaze.(Nkicyayi cya Pu'er, icyayi cya maple).
Icyayi cyizubagusarurwa nyuma ya Kanama rwagati.Imiterere yikirere mu gihe cyizuba iri hagati yimpeshyi nizuba.Ibiti by'icyayi bikura mugihe cya kabiri cyimpeshyi nizuba, kandi ibiri mumashami mashya biragabanuka.Ingano yikibabi iratandukanye, ibabi ryibabi ryoroshye, ibara ryibabi ni umuhondo, kandi uburyohe nimpumuro nziza bigaragara nkamahoro.(Nka Tieguanyin, Yuemeixiang).
Icyayi cy'itumbayatangiye gusarurwa hafi mu mpera z'Ukwakira.Icyayi cy'itumba gihingwa nyuma yicyayi cyizuba cyatoranijwe kandi ikirere gihinduka ubukonje buhoro buhoro.Kuberako ibishishwa bishya byicyayi cyimbeho bikura buhoro buhoro nibirimo bikagenda byiyongera buhoro buhoro, bifite uburyohe bworoshye nimpumuro nziza (nka Dongding oolong).
Icyayi gisubirwamo cyitwa icyayi gisubirwamo cyubwoko bwose bwa Maocha cyangwa icyayi gitunganijwe, harimo: icyayi gihumura, icyayi gikanda, icyayi cyakuweho, icyayi cyimbuto, icyayi cyubuzima bwubuvuzi, ibinyobwa birimo icyayi, nibindi.
Icyayi gihumura (icyayi cya jasimine, isaro ya orchide icyayi, icyayi cya roza, icyayi cya osmanthus nziza, nibindi)
Icyayi gifite impumuro nziza, ubu ni ubwoko bwicyayi kidasanzwe.Nibicuruzwa bikoresha impumuro yindabyo kugirango byongere impumuro yicyayi, kandi irazwi cyane mubushinwa.Mubisanzwe, icyayi kibisi gikoreshwa mugukora icyayi, ariko bake bakoresha icyayi cyirabura cyangwa icyayi cya oolong.Ikozwe mu ndabyo zihumura n'ibikoresho bihumura ukurikije ibiranga icyayi cyoroshye kwinjiza impumuro idasanzwe.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwindabyo nka jasine na osmanthus, hamwe na jasine cyane.
Icyayi gikanda (amatafari yumukara, fuzhuan, icyayi cya kare, icyayi cya cake, nibindi) Icyayi cyakuweho (icyayi ako kanya, icyayi cyibanze, nibindi, ubu ni ubwoko bwa cream yicyayi ikunzwe mumyaka ibiri ishize)
Icyayi cy'imbuto (lychee icyayi cy'umukara, icyayi cy'umukara indimu, icyayi cya kiwi, n'ibindi)
Icyayi cyubuzima bwubuvuzi (icyayi cyo kugabanya ibiro, icyayi cya eucommia, icyayi cya kagoma, nibindi, ibi nibihingwa bimeze nkicyayi, ntabwo ari icyayi nyacyo)
Guhuza imiti hamwe namababi yicyayi kugirango ikore icyayi cyimiti kugirango ikore kandi ishimangire imikorere yimiti, yorohereze imiti, yongere impumuro nziza, kandi ihuze uburyohe bwimiti.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwicyayi, nka "icyayi cya nyuma ya saa sita", "icyayi cya ginger", "icyayi kirekire", "icyayi cyo kugabanya ibiro" nibindi.
Ibinyobwa byicyayi (icyayi cyumukara, icyayi kibisi, icyayi cyamata, nibindi)
Urebye ku isi, icyayi cy'umukara gifite ubwinshi, gikurikirwa n'icyayi kibisi, naho icyayi cyera ni gito.
Matcha yakomotse ku ngoma ya Sui y'Ubushinwa, atera imbere mu ngoma ya Tang na Song, apfira mu ngoma ya Yuan na Ming.Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cyenda, yinjiye mu Buyapani n'intumwa y'ingoma ya Tang maze ihinduka Ubuyapani.Yahimbwe nabanya Han kandi yashizwemo ifu nziza cyane, itwikiriwe, icyayi kibisi hamwe nicyuma gisanzwe cyamabuye.Icyayi kibisi gitwikiriwe kandi kigicucu iminsi 10-30 mbere yo gutora.Uburyo bwo gutunganya matcha ni ugusya.
Tekinoroji yo gutunganya icyayi
Gutunganya icyayi, bizwi kandi ku "gukora icyayi", ni inzira aho amababi mashya y'ibiti by'icyayi atunganyirizwa mu cyayi gitandukanye cyangwa cyarangiye.Ukurikije inzira zitandukanye, irashobora kugabanywa mubikorwa byibanze (gutunganya ibanze), gutunganywa (kurangiza gutunganya), gusubiramo no gutunganya byimbitse.Uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya bivamo ubwoko butandukanye bwicyayi.Ubwiza bwa buri bwoko bwicyayi buterwa no guhuza uburyo bwo gutunganya;ibikoresho byiza byamababi meza birashobora gusa gutanga umusaruro wicyayi cyiza murwego rwo gutunganya neza.
| Urukurikirane rw'icyayi | Inzira | Ibiranga ubuziranenge |
| Icyayi kibisi | Gukosora → Kuzunguruka → Kuma | Biragaragara ko ushiramo amababi yicyatsi |
| Icyayi cy'umukara | Kuma → Kuzunguruka → Gusembura → Kuma | Gutukura amababi atukura |
| Icyayi cya Oolong | Kuma → Kuzunguruka → Gukosora → Gutera → Kuma | Amababi yicyatsi afite impande zitukura |
| Icyayi cy'umuhondo | Gukosora → Kuzunguruka → Umuhondo → Kuma | Umuhondo winjiza amababi yumuhondo |
| Icyayi cyijimye | Gukosora → Kuzunguruka → Gutera → Kuma | Icunga ry'umuhondo-umuhondo, uburyohe bworoshye |
| Icyayi cyera | Kuma → Kuma | Isupu irasa neza, igashya kandi iryoshye muburyohe |
Ubushinwa ni umujyi w'icyayi, ufite amateka maremare yo guhinga icyayi, ikinyabupfura cyubahiriza icyayi, n'imigenzo idasanzwe yo kunywa icyayi.Kunywa icyayi mu Bushinwa bifite amateka yimyaka irenga 4.700 kuva igihe cya Shennong.Umuhango w'icyayi ufite umubano wateganijwe kuva kera.
Abashyitsi baza gutanga icyayi, kikaba ari cyo cyiza cya mbere cyiza n'imico gakondo y'Abashinwa b'Abashinwa baha agaciro ubwakiranyi.Kugeza mu kinyejana cya 21, iyo abashyitsi bageze murugo, uwakiriye buri gihe agomba gukora igikombe cyicyayi gihumura.Ibikorwa by'ibirori, ariko kandi ukunda kwinezeza hamwe no kugarura ubuyanja.Kugira ibirori byicyayi biroroshye, byubukungu, byiza kandi birakomeye.Icyitwa ubucuti hagati ya banyakubahwa ni cyoroshye nkamazi, nacyo kivuga icyayi gifite impumuro nziza.
Hariho n'imigenzo itandukanye y'Abashinwa Han bakoresha icyayi mu cyimbo cy'imihango.I Hangzhou, umurwa mukuru w’ingoma y’indirimbo y’Amajyepfo, buri muryango ukora icyayi gishya ku munsi wa mbere w’izuba, ukabivanga n'imbuto nziza z’amabara atandukanye, bita icyayi cy’imiryango irindwi, gihabwa abavandimwe n'inshuti iruhande. buri wese.Uyu mugenzo nugushira imbuto ebyiri zicyatsi, arizo olive cyangwa kumquats, mugikombe cyicyayi, bivuze ko umwaka mushya ari mwiza.
Hariho kandi ikinyabupfura cyicyayi kinini mubukwe bwa kera bwabashinwa.Abakera bakoreshaga icyayi nkubumenyi bwabo iyo bashyingiranywe.Batekerezaga ko ibiti by'icyayi bishobora kumera gusa ku mbuto kandi ntibishobora guterwa, bitabaye ibyo bagapfa.Kubwibyo, babonaga icyayi nkikimenyetso cyo kudahinduka.Kubwibyo, abagabo nabagore basezerana nicyayi nkimpano, kandi umugore yemera impano yo gusezerana kwumugabo, bita order icyayi cyangwa icyayi gutuza, bamwe bita kwakira icyayi, kandi hariho umugani uvuga ko umuryango umwe udafite icyayi kuva kubiri imiryango.Muri icyo gihe, ikinyabupfura cyubukwe bwose hamwe hamwe cyitwa icyayi bitatu n'imihango itandatu.Icyayi bitatu nicyayi cyo gusezerana, icyayi cyo gushyingirwa, nicyayi cyicyumba cyubukwe.Iyo icyayi gitanzwe, kizwi kandi nkicyayi cyabagabo na vino yumugore, ni ukuvuga mugihe cyo gusezerana, umuryango wumugabo uzohereza silindiri nkeya ya divayi ya Shaoxing hiyongereyeho itangazamakuru ryifuza.Mu bukwe, hari imihango itatu yicyayi.Kubafite amasomo atatu yicyayi, igikombe cya mbere cya Baiguo, igikombe cya kabiri cyimbuto za lotus n'amatariki, igikombe cya gatatu nicyayi.Inzira yo kunywa icyayi, nyuma yo kwakira igikombe, uyifate mumaboko yombi, ukore inkoni ndende, hanyuma ukore kumunwa kumuryango kugirango uyikureho, niko bimeze no kubwa kabiri.Inzira ya gatatu, urashobora kunywa nyuma yo kuyikora.Ngiyo ikinyabupfura cyubahwa cyane.Iyi migenzo iteye isoni nimihango yicyayi kubukwe iracyakoreshwa nkuko bisanzwe.
Mugihe icyayi cyose cyukuri gitangira nka Camellia sinensis, hari ubwoko butandatu bwingenzi cyangwa ibyiciro byicyayi.Buri bwoko bugenwa nurwego rwa okiside, cyangwa impinduka zidasanzwe, amababi aba nyuma yo gusarurwa.Ubwoko butanu, ukurikije byibuze amababi ya okiside, ni:
Icyayi kibisi
Gukoresha ubushyuhe-ubushyuhe bwumye nko gutekesha cyangwa guteka, cyangwa ubushyuhe butose-de-enzymes yamababi hanyuma ukayashyiraho icyatsi.
Icyayi cy'umuhondo
Amababi ashyushye buhoro hanyuma apfundikirwa hanyuma asigara kubyimba mugihe gito.
Icyayi cyera
Amababi yasaruwe vuba asigara yumye kandi mubisanzwe atangira okiside.Amababi agumana ibara ryicyatsi kibisi, ariko nanone ihinduka ryimisemburo.
Icyayi cya Oolong
Amababi agenda azunguruka inshuro nyinshi kugirango asenye ingirabuzimafatizo zimwe na zimwe kandi ashishikarize okiside.Amababi agumana ibara ry'icyatsi.
Icyayi cy'umukara
Kuzunguruka kwuzuye, gusenya gusenya inkuta za selile muri buri kibabi kugirango okiside yuzuye irashobora kubaho.
Icyayi cya Pu-erh
Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwa pu-erh, buri kimwe gisaba amababi kwicara umwanya munini kuburyo fermentation na okiside bishobora kubaho.Iyi nzira isa niy'ibindi biribwa bisanzwe byasembuwe nka kimchi cyangwa sauerkraut.
Ubwoko bwose bw'icyayi butanga umusaruro, iyo urugero rwa okiside rumaze kugerwaho, amababi y'icyayi araswa ku bushyuhe bwinshi kugirango akureho ubuhehere busigaye kandi buhagarike gutwara no kubika.
Kubindi bisobanuro byubwoko bwicyayi, reba Urutonde rwicyayi cyacu.
Icyiciro cy'icyayi cyerekana ubunini bw'amababi yacyo.Kubera ko ingano yamababi atandukanye yinjiza kubiciro bitandukanye, intambwe yanyuma mugutanga icyayi cyiza ni ugutondekanya, cyangwa gushungura amababi mubunini bumwe.Kimwe mu bimenyetso biranga ubuziranenge ni uburyo icyayi cyuzuye kandi gihoraho - icyayi cyatsindiye neza bivamo gushiramo, kwizewe, mugihe icyayi cyo mu cyiciro cyiza kizaba gifite uburyohe bwuzuye ibyondo.
Ibyiciro byinganda bikunze kugaragara hamwe namagambo ahinnye ni:
Ibibabi byose
TGFOP
Tippy Zahabu Yururabyo Orange Pekoe: imwe mumico ihanitse amanota, agizwe namababi yose nibibabi bya zahabu.
TGFOP
Tippy Zahabu Yururabyo Orange Pekoe
GFOP
Indabyo Zahabu Orange Pekoe: ikibabi gifunguye hamwe ninama zijimye
GFOP
Indabyo Zahabu Orange Pekoe
FOP
Indabyo Orange Pekoe: amababi maremare azunguruka.
FOP
Indabyo Orange Pekoe:
OP
Indabyo Orange Pekoe: amababi maremare, yoroheje, na wiry, azengurutswe cyane ayo mababi ya FOP.
OP
Indabyo Orange Pekoe:
Pekoe
Gutondeka, amababi mato, kuzunguruka.
Souchong
Amababi yagutse.
Amababi yamenetse
GFBOP
Indabyo Zahabu Zimenetse Orange Pekoe: yamenetse, amababi amwe hamwe ninama ya zahabu.
GFBOP
Indabyo Zahabu Zimenetse Orange Pekoe
FBOP
Indabyo Zimenetse Orange Pekoe: nini cyane kurenza amababi ya BOP, akenshi arimo amababi ya zahabu cyangwa feza.
FBOP
Indabyo Zimenetse Orange Pekoe
BOP
Kumenagura Orange Pekoe: imwe murwego ruto kandi rwinshi rwamababi, hamwe nuburinganire bwiza bwamabara nimbaraga.Icyayi cya BOP ni ingirakamaro mu kuvanga.
BOP
Kumeneka Orange Pekoe
BP
Pekoe yamenetse: ngufi, ndetse, amababi yagoramye atanga igikombe cyijimye, kiremereye.
Umufuka w'icyayi kandi Witeguye-Kunywa
BP
Pekoe yamenetse
Gukunda
Ntoya cyane kuruta amababi ya BOP, fannings igomba kuba imwe kandi ihuje ibara nubunini
Umukungugu
Urwego rwibabi ruto, rwihuta cyane
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19, buhoro buhoro ibigize icyayi byagaragaye.Nyuma yo gutandukana kwa siyansi no kumenyekanisha kijyambere, icyayi kirimo ibice birenga 450 bigize imiti n’ibinyabuzima birenga 40 bitagira umubiri.
Ibigize imiti kama harimo cyane cyane: polifenole yicyayi, alkaloide yibihingwa, proteyine, aside amine, vitamine, pectine, acide organic, lipopolysaccharide, karubone, enzymes, pigment, nibindi. na aside amine zitandukanye, irarenze cyane icyayi.Imyunyu ngugu idasanzwe irimo potasiyumu, calcium, magnesium, cobalt, fer, aluminium, sodium, zinc, umuringa, azote, fosifore, fluorine, iyode, seleniyumu, n'ibindi. , potasiyumu, na sodium, biruta ibindi byayi.
Imikorere yibikoresho
1. Catechins
Bikunze kwitwa tannine yicyayi, nikintu cyihariye cyicyayi gifite ibintu bisharira, bikurura kandi bikabije.Irashobora guhuzwa na cafeyine mu isupu yicyayi kugirango igabanye ingaruka zifatika za cafine kumubiri wumuntu.Ifite imirimo yo kurwanya okiside, kurwanya ihinduka ritunguranye, kurwanya ibibyimba, kugabanya cholesterol mu maraso hamwe na poroteyine nkeya ya ester proteyine, kubuza umuvuduko w’amaraso, kubuza gukusanya platine, antibacterial, na allergie yo kurwanya ibicuruzwa.
2. cafeyine
Ifite uburyohe bukaze kandi nikintu cyingenzi muburyohe bwisupu yicyayi.Mu isupu yicyayi yumukara, ihuza na polifenole kugirango ikore uruganda;isupu yicyayi ikora emulisifike mugihe hakonje.Catechine idasanzwe hamwe na kanseri ya okiside mu cyayi irashobora gutinda kandi igakomeza ingaruka zishimishije za cafine.Kubwibyo, kunywa icyayi birashobora gufasha abantu batwara urugendo rurerure kugirango ibitekerezo byabo bisobanuke kandi bafite kwihangana kurushaho.
3. Amabuye y'agaciro
Icyayi gikungahaye ku bwoko 11 bw'amabuye y'agaciro arimo potasiyumu, calcium, magnesium na manganese.Isupu y'icyayi irimo cations nyinshi na anion nkeya, ni ibiryo bya alkaline.Irashobora gufasha amazi yumubiri kubungabunga alkaline no gukomeza ubuzima bwiza.
① Potasiyumu: iteza imbere kurandura sodium yamaraso.Amaraso menshi ya sodiumi nimwe mubitera umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso.Kunywa icyayi byinshi birashobora kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso.
LuFluorine: Ifite ingaruka zo kwirinda kubora amenyo.
③Manganese: Ifite anti-okiside n'ingaruka zo gusaza, yongera imikorere yumubiri, kandi ifasha gukoresha calcium.Kubera ko idashonga mumazi ashyushye, irashobora guhinduka ifu yicyayi kugirango uyikoreshe.
4. Vitamine
Vitamine B na vitamine C birashobora gushonga amazi kandi birashobora kuboneka mu kunywa icyayi.
5. Pyrroloquinoline quinone
Ibigize pyrroloquinoline quinone mu cyayi bigira ingaruka zo gutinza gusaza no kuramba.
6. Ibindi bikoresho bikora
Alcohol ya alcool ifite ingaruka zo kuzamura inkuta za capillaries kugirango ikureho umwuka mubi.
AponSaponine igira ingaruka zo kurwanya kanseri n'ingaruka zo kurwanya indwara.
Acide Acide aminobutyric ikorwa muguhatira amababi yicyayi guhumeka anaerobic mugihe cyo gukora icyayi.Bavuga ko icyayi cya Jiayelong gishobora kwirinda umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso.
Ubuvuzi bw'icyayi hamwe no kuvura icyayi:
Icyayi gifite ingaruka nziza mubuvuzi, kandi ijambo "imiti yicyayi" ryakoreshejwe mubwami bwa Tang
Icyayi gifite nibura ingaruka zikurikira:
(1) Sinzira gake;(2) koroshya imitsi;(3) kunoza amaso;(4) ibitekerezo bisobanutse;(5) kumara inyota no gutanga amazi;(6) gukuraho ubushyuhe;(7) kugabanya ubushyuhe;(8) kwangiza;(9) gukuraho ibiryo;(10) kurwanya-hangover;(11) guta ibiro;(12) manura umwuka;(13) diureis;(14) kuruhuka;(15) kuvura indwara zidasanzwe;(16) kuvanaho flegm; (17) kwirukana umuyaga nuburyo bwo kugabanya;(18) gushimangira amenyo;(19) kuvura ububabare bw'umutima;(20) kuvura ibisebe na fistula;(21) kuvura inzara;(22) kuzuza imbaraga;(23) kuramba;(24) sterilisation beriberi.
Izindi ngaruka z'icyayi: kuvura umunwa uboze, acne
Kurwanya kanseri: Icyayi gitetse mu nkono bifasha cyane ubuzima.Ugereranije no guteka icyayi gusa mu gikombe cyuzuyemo amazi abira, uburyo bwo guteka amazi yicyayi burashobora kurekura imiti myinshi irwanya kanseri.
Kwirinda indwara: Icyayi cy'umukara gifite imbaraga za antibacterial.Gargle hamwe nicyayi cyirabura irashobora kwirinda ibicurane biterwa no kuyungurura virusi, kurinda amenyo no kwangiza ibiryo, no kugabanya isukari yamaraso hamwe n umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso.Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko icyayi cyirabura kitari munsi yicyayi kibisi kandi gifitiye akamaro umutima.
1. Guhekenya icyayi nyuma yo kunywa icyayi kugirango bifashe kubungabunga ubuzima
Abantu bamwe bahekenya icyayi nyuma yo kunywa icyayi, kuko icyayi kirimo karotene nyinshi, fibre fibre nintungamubiri.Ariko, urebye umutekano, ubu buryo ntabwo busabwa.Kuberako icyayi cyicyayi gishobora no kuba kirimo ibimenyetso byibyuma biremereye nka gurş na kadmium, hamwe nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza amazi.Niba urya icyayi, ibyo bintu byangiza bizajyanwa mumubiri.
2. Icyayi gishya, nibyiza
Icyayi gishya bivuga icyayi gishya cyokeje amababi mashya mugihe kitarenze ukwezi.Ugereranije, iki cyayi kiraryoshye.Nyamara, ukurikije inyigisho yubuvuzi gakondo bwabashinwa, amababi yicyayi yatunganijwe vuba afite ubushyuhe bwimbere, kandi ubu bushyuhe buzashira nyuma yo kubikwa mugihe runaka.Kubwibyo, iyo unywa icyayi gishya cyane birashobora gutuma abantu babona ubushyuhe bwimbere.Byongeye kandi, icyayi gishya kirimo urugero rwinshi rwicyayi polifenol na cafeyine, zikunda kurakara mu gifu.Niba unywa icyayi gishya buri gihe, uburibwe bwa gastrointestinal burashobora kubaho.Abantu bafite igifu kibi bagomba kunywa icyayi kibisi kibitswe mugihe kitarenze ukwezi nyuma yo gutunganywa.Ikindi ugomba kwibutsa ni uko ubwoko bwose bwicyayi atari shyashya kuruta ubwa kera.Kurugero, icyayi cyijimye nkicyayi cya Pu'er gikeneye gusaza neza kandi gifite ireme ryiza.
3. Kunywa icyayi mbere yo kuryama bigira ingaruka kubitotsi
Cafeine ikubiye mu cyayi igira ingaruka zo gukangura sisitemu yo hagati.Kubwibyo, kuva kera byavuzwe ko kunywa icyayi mbere yo kuryama bizagira ingaruka kubitotsi.Muri icyo gihe, cafeyine nayo ni diureti, kandi kunywa amazi menshi mu cyayi byanze bikunze byongera inshuro zo kujya mu musarani nijoro, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bitotsi.Abaguzi bavuga ko kunywa icyayi cya Pu'er nta ngaruka nke bigira ku gusinzira.Ariko, ibi sibyo kuko Pu'er irimo cafeyine nkeya, ahubwo ni izindi mpamvu zidasobanutse.
4. Amababi yicyayi agomba gukaraba, ariko infusion yambere ntishobora kunywa
Niba ushobora kunywa icyayi cya mbere cyicyayi biterwa nubwoko bwicyayi unywa.Icyayi cy'umukara cyangwa icyayi cya oolong bigomba gukaraba vuba n'amazi abira, hanyuma bigakama.Ibi ntibishobora gukaraba icyayi gusa, ahubwo binashyushya icyayi, bifasha guhindagurika kumpumuro nziza yicyayi.Ariko icyayi kibisi, icyayi cyirabura, nibindi ntibikeneye iki gikorwa.Abantu bamwe bashobora guhangayikishwa nibisigisigi byica udukoko ku cyayi, bagashaka koza icyayi kugirango bakureho ibisigazwa.Mubyukuri, icyayi cyose cyatewe nudukoko twangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.Isupu yicyayi ikoreshwa mugukora icyayi ntabwo izaba irimo ibisigisigi.Urebye kwirinda ibisigazwa byica udukoko, gukaraba icyayi ntabwo ari ngombwa.
5. Icyayi nibyiza nyuma yo kurya
Kunywa icyayi ako kanya nyuma yo kurya birashobora gutuma polifenole ikora byoroshye na fer na proteyine mubiryo, bityo bikagira ingaruka kumubiri wa fer na proteyine.Kunywa icyayi ku gifu cyuzuye mbere yo gufungura bizagabanya umutobe wa gastrica kandi bigire ingaruka ku gusohora umutobe wa gastric, bidafasha igogorwa ryibiryo.Inzira nziza nukunywa icyayi byibuze igice cyisaha nyuma yo kurya, byaba byiza nyuma yisaha 1.
6. Icyayi kirashobora kurwanya hangover
Kunywa icyayi nyuma yinzoga bifite ibyiza nibibi.Kunywa icyayi birashobora kwihuta kwangirika kwa alcool mu mubiri, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kuvura indwara zirashobora gufasha ibintu byangirika gusohoka, bityo bigafasha kumanika;ariko icyarimwe, uku kubora byihuse bizongera umutwaro ku mwijima nimpyiko.Kubwibyo, abantu bafite umwijima nimpyiko nibyiza ntibakoreshe icyayi kumanika, cyane cyane kutanywa icyayi gikomeye nyuma yo kunywa.
7. Koresha ibikombe byimpapuro cyangwa ibikombe bya thermos kugirango ukore icyayi
Hano hari igishashara ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'igikombe cy'impapuro, kizagira ingaruka ku buryohe bw'icyayi nyuma y'ibishashara bimaze gushonga;igikombe cya vacuum gishyiraho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nubushyuhe buhoraho bwicyayi, bizatuma ibara ryicyayi ryumuhondo kandi ryijimye, uburyohe buzaba umujinya, kandi uburyohe bwamazi buzagaragara.Birashobora no kugira ingaruka kubuzima bwicyayi.Kubwibyo, iyo usohotse, nibyiza kubanza kubikora mu cyayi, hanyuma ukabisuka muri thermos nyuma yubushyuhe bwamazi bugabanutse.
8. Kora icyayi neza n'amazi atetse
Mu turere dutandukanye, hari itandukaniro rinini mubukomere bwamazi ya robine.Amazi yo mumazi akomeye arimo urugero rwinshi rwa ion nka calcium na magnesium, bishobora gutera reaction zikomeye hamwe nicyayi cya polifenole nibindi
ibice byicyayi, nabyo bigira ingaruka kumpumuro nuburyohe bwicyayi, hamwe nubuzima bwicyayi.
9. Koresha amazi abira mugukora icyayi
Icyayi cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru gikunze gutekwa n'amazi hafi 85 ° C.Amazi ashyushye arashobora kugabanya byoroshye isupu yicyayi.Icyayi cya Oolong nka Tieguanyin gitekwa neza mumazi abira kugirango impumuro nziza yicyayi;icyayi cyijimye gikonje nka Pu'er cake icyayi nacyo gishobora gufatwa nkicyayi, kugirango ibiranga ubuziranenge bwicyayi cya Pu'er bishoboke.
10. Kora icyayi gifite umupfundikizo, kiraryoshye
Iyo ukora icyayi gifite impumuro nziza nicyayi cya oolong, biroroshye gukora impumuro yicyayi hamwe numupfundikizo, ariko mugihe ukora icyayi kibisi, bizagira ingaruka kumyera.
Kugura icyayi ntabwo ari ibintu byoroshye.Kugirango ubone icyayi cyiza, ugomba kumenya ubumenyi bwinshi, nkibipimo byamanota, ibiciro nuburyo isoko ryubwoko butandukanye bwicyayi, hamwe nuburyo bwo gusuzuma no kugenzura icyayi.Ubwiza bwicyayi butandukanijwe ahanini nibintu bine: ibara, impumuro, uburyohe, nuburyo.Nyamara, kubanywa icyayi gisanzwe, mugihe baguze icyayi, barashobora kureba gusa imiterere namabara yicyayi cyumye.Ubwiza buragoye cyane.Hano hari intangiriro yuburyo bwo kumenya icyayi cyumye.Kugaragara kwicyayi cyumye bigaragara cyane mubintu bitanu, aribyo ubwuzu, gukomera, ibara, byose kandi bisobanutse.
Ubugwaneza
Mubisanzwe, icyayi gifite ubwuzu bwiza cyujuje ibisabwa ("urumuri, ruringaniye, rworoshye, rugororotse").
Nyamara, ubwuzu ntibushobora kugenzurwa gusa nubunini bwubwoya bwiza, kuko ibisabwa byihariye byicyayi bitandukanye biratandukanye, nka Shifeng Longjing nziza ntabwo ifite umubiri.Ubwuzu bw'amababi n'amababi bisuzumwa hashingiwe ku mubare w'amazi, abereye gusa icyayi cya "fluffy" nka Maofeng, Maojian, na Yinzhen.Igikenewe kuvugwa hano nuko amababi meza meza cyane nayo afite akababi nibibabi.Gutoranya uruhande rumwe rw'umutima udasanzwe ntibikwiye.Kuberako ingirabuzimafatizo ari igice kidatunganye cyo gukura, ibiyirimo birimo ntabwo byuzuye, cyane cyane ibirimo chlorophyll ni bike cyane.Kubwibyo, icyayi ntigikwiye gukorwa mubibabi gusa kugirango ukurikirane ubwuzu.
Imirongo
Imirongo ni imiterere runaka yubwoko butandukanye bwicyayi, nkicyatsi kibisi gikaranze, icyayi cyamasaro kizengurutse, Longjing igororotse, icyayi cyirabura cyacitse, kandi nibindi.Mubisanzwe, icyayi kirambuye giterwa na elastique, kugororoka, imbaraga, kunanuka, kuzenguruka, nuburemere;icyayi kizengurutse biterwa n'uburemere, uburinganire, uburemere, n'ubusa by'uduce;icyayi kibisi giterwa no koroha kandi niba cyujuje ibisobanuro.Muri rusange, imirongo irakomeye, amagufwa araremereye, azengurutse kandi aragororotse (usibye icyayi kibase), byerekana ko ibikoresho fatizo bitoshye, gukora ni byiza, kandi ubuziranenge ni bwiza;niba imiterere irekuye, iringaniye (usibye icyayi kibase), yamenetse, kandi hari umwotsi na kokiya Uburyohe bwerekana ko ibikoresho fatizo bishaje, gukora nabi, kandi ubuziranenge buri hasi.Fata urugero rwicyayi kibisi muri Hangzhou nkurugero: urwego rwa mbere: rwiza kandi rukomeye, hariho ingemwe zimbere;urwego rwa kabiri: rukomeye ariko uracyafite ingemwe zimbere;urwego rwa gatatu: biracyakomeye;urwego rwa kane: iracyakomeye;urwego rwa gatanu: irekuye gato;urwego rwa gatandatu: Birakabije.Birashobora kugaragara ko icyambere ari ugukomera, gukomera, ningemwe zikomeye.
Ibara
Ibara ry'icyayi rifitanye isano rya bugufi n'ubwuzu bw'ibanze hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya.Ubwoko bwose bwicyayi bufite ibara risabwa, nkicyayi cyumukara cyamavuta yumukara, icyayi kibisi icyatsi kibisi, icyayi cya oolong icyatsi kibisi, icyayi cyijimye cyirabura cyamavuta nibindi.Ariko uko icyayi cyaba kimeze kose, icyayi cyiza gisaba ibara rihoraho, urumuri rwiza, amavuta kandi mashya.Niba ibara ritandukanye, igicucu kiratandukanye, kandi kijimye kandi kijimye, bivuze ko ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye, gukora nabi, kandi ubwiza buri hasi.
Ibara hamwe nicyiza cyicyayi bifite byinshi byo gukora ninkomoko yigiti cyicyayi nibihe.Nkicyayi kinini cyicyayi kibisi, ibara nicyatsi n'umuhondo gake, gishya kandi cyiza;icyayi cyo mu misozi cyangwa icyayi kibisi gifite ibara ryijimye kandi ryijimye.Muburyo bwo gukora icyayi, kubera ikoranabuhanga ridakwiye, ibara akenshi ryangirika.Mugihe ugura icyayi, suzuma ukurikije icyayi cyaguzwe.
Kumeneka
Byose kandi bimenetse bivuga imiterere nurwego rwo kumena icyayi.Nibyiza kuba ndetse no gucikamo kabiri.Isubiramo ryicyayi risanzwe nugushira icyayi mumurongo (mubisanzwe bikozwe mubiti), kugirango mugihe cyimbaraga zingufu zizunguruka, icyayi kizakora urwego rutondekanye ukurikije imiterere, ubunini, uburemere, ubunini, na ingano.Muri byo, ibikomeye biri murwego rwo hejuru, ubucucike nuburemere bwibanda kumurongo wo hagati, naho ibyacitse kandi bito bigashyirwa murwego rwo hasi.Kubwoko bwose bwicyayi, nibyiza kugira icyayi cyo hagati.Igice cyo hejuru gikungahaye cyane mumababi manini kandi ashaje, afite uburyohe bworoshye nibara ryamazi yoroshye;igice cyo hasi gifite icyayi cyacitse, gikunda kugira uburyohe nyuma yo guteka, kandi ibara ryamazi ryijimye.
Isuku
Biterwa ahanini n’uko icyayi kivanze n’icyayi, uruti rwicyayi, ifu yicyayi, imbuto zicyayi, hamwe nubunini bwinjizwamo nk'imigano, imigati y'ibiti, lime, na sili bivanze mugikorwa cyo gukora.Icyayi gisobanutse neza ntabwo kirimo ibintu byose.Byongeye, irashobora kandi kumenyekana nimpumuro yumye yicyayi.Nubwo icyayi cyaba ubwoko ki, ntihakagombye kubaho impumuro idasanzwe.Buri bwoko bwicyayi bufite impumuro yihariye, kandi impumuro yumye kandi itose nayo iratandukanye, igomba kugenwa ukurikije ibihe byihariye.Impumuro yicyatsi, umwotsi watwitswe nuburyohe butetse ntabwo ari byiza.Inzira yoroshye yo kumenya ubwiza bwicyayi nuburyohe, impumuro nziza nibara ryicyayi cyibabi nyuma yo guteka.Niba rero byemewe, gerageza guteka bishoboka mugihe ugura icyayi.Niba ukunda ubwoko runaka bwicyayi, nibyiza kubona amakuru amwe yicyayi kugirango wumve neza ibiranga ibara ryayo, uburyohe, imiterere, hanyuma ugereranye icyayi ugura hamwe.Niba ufite inshuro nyinshi, uzashobora gufata vuba ingingo zingenzi..Kubatari abanyamwuga, ntibishoboka ko buri bwoko bwicyayi bushobora gufatwa nkibyiza cyangwa bibi.Nibintu bike mubyo ukunda.Icyayi kiva aho gikomoka muri rusange gifite isuku, ariko ubwiza bwicyayi buratandukanye kubera itandukaniro ryubuhanga bwo gukora icyayi.
Aroma
Amajyaruguru bakunze kwitwa "impumuro nziza yicyayi".Amababi yicyayi amaze gutekwa mumazi abira muminota itanu, suka umutobe wicyayi mukibindi cyo gusuzuma hanyuma uhumure niba impumuro isanzwe.Impumuro nziza nkindabyo, imbuto, nubuki bwubuki.Impumuro yumwotsi, kwinyeganyeza, kurwara, numuriro ushaje akenshi biterwa no gukora nabi no gufata nabi cyangwa gupakira no kubika nabi.
Biryohe
Mu majyaruguru, bakunze kwita "chakou."Iyo isupu yicyayi yoroshye kandi igashya, bivuze ko ibivamo amazi ari byinshi kandi ibiyigize nibyiza.Isupu yicyayi irasharira kandi irakaze kandi ishaje bivuze ko ibigize amazi avamo atari byiza.Isupu yicyayi idakomeye kandi yoroheje yerekana ibirimo gukuramo amazi adahagije.
Amazi
Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yibara ryamazi nubushya bwubwiza nubwiza bwamababi mashya birasubirwamo.Ibara ryiza cyane ryamazi nuko icyayi kibisi kigomba kuba gisobanutse, gikungahaye kandi gishya, kandi icyayi cyumukara kigomba kuba gitukura kandi cyiza.Amababi yicyayi yo hasi cyangwa yangiritse ni ibicu kandi byijimye.
Ikibabi gitose
Isuzumababi ryibabi ritose ni ukureba ibara ryayo nurwego rwubwuzu.Kurenza amababi yuzuye kandi yoroshye kumutwe no mumutwe, ubwinshi bwicyayi.Amababi akomeye, akomeye kandi yoroheje yerekana ko icyayi ari kinini kandi gishaje kandi imikurire yacyo ikennye.Ibara ni ryiza kandi rihuza kandi imiterere irahoraho, byerekana ko tekinoroji yo gukora icyayi itunganijwe neza.
1. Kwiyuhagira Baihe (koza igikombe): koza icyayi gishyiramo amazi abira;
2. Avalokitesvara yinjira mu ngoro (guta icyayi): Shyira Tieguanyin mu cyayi, kandi icyayi cyashyizwe gifite hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubushobozi bw'icyayi;
3. Kumanika inkono ndende-chong (guteka icyayi): gusuka amazi yatetse mu cyayi cyangwa umupfundikizo kugirango icyayi kizunguruka;
4. Umuyaga wo mu mpeshyi (gusiba ifuro): Koresha umupfundikizo kugirango ukureho buhoro buhoro ifuro yera ireremba kugirango ibe nziza kandi isukuye;
5. Guan Gong Touring City (gusuka amazi yicyayi): Suka amazi yicyayi yatetse muminota umwe cyangwa ibiri mumikombe yicyayi ifatanye;
6. Han Xin atumiza abasirikari (gutumiza icyayi): Mugihe hasigaye icyayi gito cyicyayi gisigaye mucyayi, kijugunyira neza muri buri cyayi;
7. Shima ibara ryisupu (reba icyayi): reba ibara ryicyayi mugikombe;
8. Kuryoha Ganlin (kunywa icyayi): Fata ubushyuhe hanyuma unywe, ubanze uhumure impumuro nziza, hanyuma ushimishe impumuro nziza, unywe kandi uhumure, usuke byoroheje.Nubwo ibinyobwa ari bike, birashobora gusiga impumuro nziza mumatama no kumenyo, ariko hepfo biraryoshye kandi biruhura.
Mugihe cyo gukora icyayi, komeza umubiri wawe uhagaze neza, hamwe numutwe wawe ugororotse hamwe nibitugu biringaniye, amaso yawe ningendo bigomba kuba bihuje kandi nibisanzwe, kandi ibitugu byawe bigomba kumanurwa, inkokora, nintoki bizamurwa mugihe cyo gukora icyayi.Ntuzamure inkokora niba wimuye amaboko hejuru ukamanuka
Icyayi gifite ubuzima bubi, ariko kijyanye nicyayi gitandukanye.Icyayi gitandukanye gifite ubuzima butandukanye.Igihe cyose ibitswe neza, ntabwo izangirika gusa, ahubwo irashobora no kuzamura ubwiza bwicyayi.
Ubuhanga bwo kubungabunga
Niba ibintu bibyemereye, amababi yicyayi mumabati yicyuma arashobora gukoreshwa mugukuramo umwuka mumabati hamwe nogukuramo umwuka, hanyuma ugasudira kandi ugafungwa, kugirango icyayi kibike mumyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu.Niba ibintu bidahagije, birashobora kubikwa mu icupa rya termo, kubera ko icupa ry’amazi ryitaruye umwuka wo hanze, amababi yicyayi apakirwa mu ruhago, agafungwa ibishashara byera, kandi agapfundikirwa kaseti.Nibyoroshye kandi byoroshye gukoresha kandi byoroshye kubika murugo.
Amacupa asanzwe, amabati, nibindi, mukubika icyayi, koresha inkono yibumba ifite igorofa ebyiri imbere no hanze yumupfundikizo cyangwa umunwa munini ninda kugirango ugabanye umwuka mubi.Umupfundikizo wa kontineri ugomba guhuzwa cyane numubiri wa kontineri kugirango wirinde ko amazi yinjira.
Ibikoresho byo gupakira icyayi bigomba kuba bitarimo impumuro idasanzwe, kandi icyayi hamwe nuburyo bwo gukoresha bigomba kuba bifunze neza bishoboka, bikagira imikorere myiza idashobora kwangiza, kugabanya guhura numwuka, kandi bikabikwa mukumutse, usukuye, numunuko. -ahantu h'ubusa
Bika mucyumba gikonje cyangwa firigo.Iyo ubitse, bika amababi yicyayi mbere yo kuyashyiramo.
Koresha vuba cyangwa desiccant yo mu rwego rwo hejuru, nka silika gel kugirango winjize ubuhehere mucyayi, ingaruka zo kubungabunga ni nziza.
Ukoresheje ihame ryumwuka mubi muri tank hamwe no gutandukanya amababi yicyayi muri tank kuva hanze yisi nyuma yo gufungwa, amababi yicyayi yumishwa kugeza amazi arimo hafi 2% hanyuma agahita ashyirwa muri tank mugihe ashyushye, hanyuma igafungwa, kandi irashobora kubikwa kumwaka umwe cyangwa ibiri mubushyuhe bwicyumba.
Ububiko
Ahantu hacururizwa, amababi yicyayi mumapaki mato agomba gushyirwa mubintu byumye, bisukuye kandi bifunze, kandi ibikoresho bigomba kubikwa ahantu humye, hatagira impumuro nziza, kandi bikarindwa izuba.Amababi yicyayi yo murwego rwohejuru agomba kubikwa mumabati yumuyaga, gukuramo ogisijeni no kuzuza azote, kandi bikabikwa mubukonje kure yumucyo.Ni ukuvuga, amababi yicyayi yumishijwe kugeza 4% -5% mbere, agashyirwa mubikoresho byumuyaga kandi bitagaragara, gukuramo ogisijene hanyuma ukuzuza azote hanyuma ugafungwa neza, ukabikwa mububiko bukonje bwicyayi ahantu wabigenewe.Gukoresha ubu buryo kugirango ubike icyayi mumyaka 3 kugeza kuri 5 birashobora gukomeza ibara, impumuro nziza nuburyohe bwicyayi udasaza.
Kuvura ubushuhe
Koresha icyayi vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kubona ubuhehere.Uburyo nugushira icyayi mumashanyarazi cyangwa icyuma hanyuma ukagitekesha umuriro gahoro.Ubushyuhe ntabwo buri hejuru.Mugihe utetse, koga kandi ubinyeganyeze.Nyuma yo gukuraho ubuhehere, ubukwirakwize kumeza cyangwa ku kibaho hanyuma ureke.Kusanya nyuma yo gukonja.
Kwirinda
Kubika icyayi bidakwiye bizatera ubushyuhe gusubira mubushuhe, ndetse no kubumba.Muri iki gihe, icyayi ntigomba gukoreshwa mu kongera gukama n’izuba, icyayi cyumishijwe nizuba kizaba umururazi kandi mubi, kandi icyayi cyo mu rwego rwo hejuru nacyo kizaba gito mu bwiza.