Gutema ibiti by'icyayi bigufi bishobora kugwiza vuba ingemwe z'icyayi mugihe hagumyeho ibintu byiza biranga igiti cy'umubyeyi, ubwo ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo guteza imbere ibitsina by'icyayi, harimo n'icyayi cya albino.
Inzira y'incuke
Gahunda yo gutera imbuto: igomba kumenya ubwoko bwingemwe, umubare, igihe, amafaranga, ibikoresho, umurimo nindi myiteguro.
Guhinga imitoma: kumenya ubwoko bw'isoko ya spike, gushyira mubikorwa mbere yo gutegura gahunda yo guhinga amashami ya spike.
Gutegura pepiniyeri: pepiniyeri n'imbuto bigomba gutegurwa hakiri kare kandi bigahabwa ibikoresho bijyanye.
Gukata imitwe ya spike: gutema bigomba gutemwa, gukata no gucunga pepiniyeri ya bitatu bihujwe.
Gucunga pepiniyeri: kora akazi keza k'amazi, ubushyuhe, urumuri, guhinga ifumbire, ibyonnyi n'ibyatsi, kurwanya amashami nibindi bikorwa byo kuyobora.
Imbuto zitangirira muri pepiniyeri: kora akazi keza muri pepiniyeri mbere yo gutangira kugenzura amazi, ibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nindi myiteguro, ukurikije ingemwe zisanzwe zitangira.
Twe pepiniyeri nigihe cyigihe
Gukata pepiniyeri muri rusange bifata umwaka 1 wo gukura kugirango zororore ingemwe zicyayi zikomeye kandi zujuje ibyangombwa.Ariko, hamwe niterambere ryubuhinga bwo gutera no gutera, ukwezi kwingemwe kugana icyerekezo gikwiye.Benshi mu kwikwirakwiza no korora ubwabo, hafi y’ingemwe, imiterere y’ibidukikije, akenshi bakoresha ingemwe ntoya zatewe;ukoresheje ibikoresho bigezweho nkibikoresho byikoranabuhanga byikoranabuhanga, akenshi ntibikenera umwaka 1 wigihe cyo gukura, ingemwe zicyayi zigeze kubisobanuro;usibye tekinoroji nziza yo gutera nayo itanga garanti yo kurekura hakiri kare ingemwe zicyayi muri pepiniyeri.Ahantu hamwe ukoresheje ubushizi bw'amanga gukoresha ibihe bya plum, gutera igihe cyizuba, ingaruka zo guhinga akenshi ziruta igihe cy'itumba n'itumba.
Kubijyanye nigihe cyincuke, usibye isonga ryimpeshyi yigihe kitarakura kandi ntishobora gufata ibiti byimbuto, ibindi bihe byumwaka birashobora kuba pepiniyeri.Ukurikije inkomoko yibiranga, ingemwe zingemwe, urufunguzo rwa tekiniki nibindi bintu, igihe cyo kugabanya kigabanyijemo ibiti, ibiti byo mu cyi, ibiti byimpeshyi, imbeho, gutema imbeho nibindi bihe bitanu.Ibikurikira bigufi bikata ibiti byicyayi cya albino mukarere ka Ningbo hamwe nubushuhe bumwe bwubushyuhe nkurugero rwo kumenyekanisha ingingo zingenzi za buri gihe cyo gutema.
1. Gutema ibiti
Igihe cyo gukata ni hagati ya Kamena kugeza mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga;pepiniyeri yo gusarura yaciwe mbere yicyayi cyimpeshyi;pepiniyeri irashobora kurekurwa nyuma yo kuruhuka gukura mu gihe cyizuba.Ibyiza ni igipimo kinini cyo kubaho cyo gutemwa, ubwinshi bwumuzi wuzuye, inzererezi ngufi;ibibi ni uko ingemwe z'icyayi zisobanutse ari nke, uburebure bw'ingemwe hagati ya cm 10 na 20.Gucomeka amashanyarazi, bigomba kugerageza kurwanya amashanyarazi hakiri kare, kandi mugihe kimwe kugirango ushimangire itangwa ryumucyo, ifumbire namazi.Niba igihe cyatinze, ubuyobozi ntibuba buhari, ubwinshi bwikura ntibuba buhagije, biragoye guhindurwa nyuma yizuba, cyane cyane imisozi miremire hamwe nicyayi kinini cyicyayi ntigikwiye cyane kumashanyarazi;nyuma yumuhindo kugeza kumpera ikurikira, nubwo itsinda ryumuzi ryibanze cyane, bifasha kubaho, ariko umwaka wo gutera kugirango ushimangire ubuvuzi bwingirakamaro.Byongeye kandi, iyo urugero rwo kwera rwimpeshyi ruri hejuru cyane, ntirukwiriye no gusarura imitoma, kandi gucomeka kumashanyarazi nabyo bizana igabanuka ryinjiza ryicyayi cyubusitani cyicyayi.
2. gutema impeshyi
Igihe cyo gukata ni hagati ya Nyakanga kugeza mu mpera za Kanama;uburiri bwo gusarura bugomba kuba mu ntangiriro yicyayi cyimpeshyi, gutema kugirango uzamure imitoma, cyangwa ukoreshe guhindura imirima yicyayi, imitwe itatu yicyayi cyo gusarura icyayi;hanze y'incuke muri rusange kugeza umwaka utaha nyuma yizuba.Akarusho nuko ishami rya spike ritarashiraho amababi, igihe gito cyo gukira nyuma yo gushiramo, gukura vuba niterambere, umuvuduko mwinshi wo kubaho;imbogamizi ni uko igihe cyo gutema ari ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwumurimo, intera ndende ya spike gutora ibyago byinshi;ingemwe z'icyayi mu biti zirashobora kugera kuri cm 10 z'uburebure mu mwaka, imikurire y'umwaka utaha, ibiti bikabije cyane bitera ingemwe z'icyayi bitewe no kugabanuka kwiza kandi kwiza.
3. Ibiti byizuba
Igihe cyo guca ni guhera mu ntangiriro za Nzeri kugeza mu Kwakira;isoko ya spike irashobora guturuka mubusitani bwa nyina, pepiniyeri cyangwa ubusitani bwicyayi cya stereoskopi yaciwe kandi ikurira nyuma yimpeshyi;pepiniyeri isanzwe nyuma yizuba rya kabiri.Akarusho nuko iki gihe ikirere gishimishije, gishobora kwinjizwa mugihe kirekire, isoko ya spike ni ngari, idakoresha imbaraga nyinshi, yoroshye gukura gahunda, kandi ibiti akenshi biba byakozwe muri uwo mwaka ibiti byuzuye cyangwa ibibyimba bikiza, irashobora gutumba neza;ibibi ni uko ubworozi bwororoka budakwiye, akenshi hamwe numubare munini, byongera akazi ko gutema imitwe cyangwa gushyiramo amababi nyuma yo kuzimira.Ibiti byambere byafashwe muriki gihe, niko ubuzima bwiza no gukura kwingemwe zicyayi.
4. Gutema imbeho
Gutema igihe kuva mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo kugeza mu Kuboza;spike ishami ryamasoko hamwe nicyuma cyizuba;hanze y'incuke muri rusange kugeza umwaka ukurikira nyuma yizuba.Iki gihe cyo gutema, igiti cyinjiye mubitotsi, mubyukuri ntabwo bizakiza igikomere;igihe cy'ikoranabuhanga gisabwa ni kinini, kandi umwaka ukurikira, ingemwe z'icyayi ahanini ni kimwe no gukura kw'ingemwe z'icyayi zaciwe mbere y'impeshyi.Gucomeka mu gihe cy'itumba bikunze kuba mu karere gashyushye mu majyepfo birashoboka, utundi turere ntabwo dushyigikiwe.
5. Gucomeka kw'isoko
Igihe mbere yo kumera kwicyayi cyimpeshyi, isoko yishami rya spike hamwe nicyuma cyizuba, pepiniyeri iri mumuhindo wumwaka nyuma.Gucomeka kumasoko ahanini bikoreshwa mubice byicyayi hamwe nikirere cyoroheje.Kuberako ibiti biri mumasoko yabanjirije sap, igiti gishobora guhita cyinjira mugihe cyo kumera, bityo igipimo cyo kubaho kirashobora kwizerwa, ariko kigomba gushimangira urwego rwo gucunga ifumbire nyuma yo gushiramo, kugirango habeho iterambere rihagije.
Tyujuje ibisabwa byingemwe zicyayi
Ukurikije icyayi cya Ningbo cyera, ibiti bigabanijwemo icyiciro cya mbere nicyiciro cya kabiri.Ibisobanuro by'ingemwe zo mu cyiciro cya mbere bisaba: 95% by'ingemwe zifite uburebure bwibanze hejuru ya mm 2,5, uburebure bw'igihingwa hejuru ya cm 25 na sisitemu y'imizi hejuru ya cm 15, na 95% by'ingemwe zifite imizi hejuru ya cm 15;ibisobanuro byingemwe zo mucyiciro cya kabiri bisaba: 95% byingemwe zifite uburebure bwibanze hejuru ya mm 2, uburebure bwibiti hejuru ya cm 18 na sisitemu yumuzi hejuru ya cm 15, na 95% byingemwe zifite imizi hejuru ya 4. Byose nta mizi yicyayi ipfundo nematode , icyayi kibora, indwara yicyayi nibindi bintu bya karantine, ubuziranenge 100%.
Ingemwe nziza yicyayi ya albino igomba kubanza kureba ubunini bwinama zishami hamwe niterambere rya sisitemu yumuzi, hagakurikiraho uburebure, uburebure bwa mm 3 cyangwa zirenga, sisitemu yumuzi wuzuye, ishami rirenze rimwe, uburebure bwa cm 25 kugeza kuri 40 nibyo byiza cyane .Ingemwe zimwe zifite uburebure bwa cm 15-20 gusa, ariko ibiti n'amashami birabyimbye kandi sisitemu yumuzi ikuze neza, igomba kuba nziza kubibiti bikomeye.Uhereye kubikorwa byo gutema ingemwe, niba kugenzura uburebure no guteza imbere ubuvuzi mugihe cyatewe, byongera ubwinshi bwamashami, gushiraho amashami arenga abiri, ingemwe zicyayi zifasha muburyo bwihuse bwo kwambikwa ikamba nyuma yo guterwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-14-2023